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Managing Seasonal Affective Disorder

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October is National Depression and Mental Health Screening Month. Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) is a type of depression linked to seasonal changes, typically beginning when fall starts and intensifying during late fall or early winter.

What’s the difference between SAD and the “winter blues”?

Many people feel a little down during colder months because they are stuck inside, and it gets dark early. These feelings, often called the “winter blues,” are temporary. SAD is a clinical form of depression that affects your daily life, including how you feel and think. SAD can last up to five months of the year.

What causes SAD?

About 5% of adults in the U.S. experience SAD. It tends to start in young adulthood. SAD may be caused by reduced serotonin and vitamin D levels, altered melatonin levels, decreased sunlight and shorter days.

What are the symptoms of SAD?

If you have SAD, you may experience mood changes and symptoms of depression, including:

  • Persistent sadness
  • Increased anxiety
  • Food cravings and weight gain
  • Extreme fatigue and low energy
  • Feelings of hopelessness
  • Social withdrawal
  • Sleep disturbances

What are treatment options for SAD?

Treatment should be tailored to you and supervised by a healthcare professional. Options include:

  • Spending time outdoors—Getting more sunlight can help improve your symptoms.
  • Light therapy—Using a light therapy box daily helps regulate circadian rhythms and boost mood.
  • Cognitive behavioral therapy—This treatment helps identify and change negative thought patterns.
  • Vitamin D—A supplement may help if a deficiency is present.
  • Medication—Antidepressants may be prescribed for severe cases.

For more on Seasonal Affective Disorder, visit our website for National Depression and Mental Health Screening Month, MagellanHealthcare.com/Mental-Health, and be sure to check out the suicide prevention tip sheets and awareness campaign toolkit.

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September is Suicide Prevention Awareness Month

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Military and Family Life Counselors (MFLC) are key components in the fight to prevent suicide in service members and their families. With clinical expertise, collaborating with helping agencies, and connecting participants to appropriate resources, MFLCs embody the 2024 Suicide Prevention Awareness Month theme: “Joining Your Fight: Connect to Protect” (Defense.gov).

Trends of Military Suicide

There has been an increase in suicides for active-duty service members from 2011 to 2022, with 492 suicides in 2022. This was slightly more than in 2021, but less than in 2020. In addition, the rate is similar to the civilian population after accounting for population differences. Suicide data was not available for family members in 2022 however, data from 2021 showed a slight decrease from previous years (Defense Suicide Prevention Office).

Risk & Protective Factors

While the rate of suicide is similar between service members and the civilian population, there are factors unique to the military community that increase the risk of suicide. It is important to not only understand these factors, but also know the protective factors that can decrease these risks.

Suicide Prevention Resources

If you are a service member or military family, connect with a MFLC for local suicide prevention resources. Additionally, here are options for further information and support:



Data-driven Suicide Prevention: Enhancing EAP and Insurer Behavioral Health Program Effectiveness

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In today’s fast-paced, high-pressure world, mental health has emerged as a critical public health concern. Suicide, now the 11th leading cause of death in the United States, continues to be a major concern. After a brief decline in 2019 and 2020, suicide rates rose in 2021, with an average of 132 suicides per day—a 5% increase. The situation worsened in 2022, with an additional 3% increase, bringing the average to 135 suicides per day. By 2023, over 50,000 Americans died by suicide, marking the highest number on record. These concerning statistics underscore the importance of integrating targeted suicide prevention strategies into all behavioral health initiatives.

While Employee Assistance Programs (EAPs) and behavioral health benefits from commercial and public insurers provide support for individuals facing mental health challenges, these organizations can further strengthen suicide prevention efforts by implementing data-driven systems that proactively manage and mitigate suicide risk, including:

  • Early identification—Preventing crises before they escalate is critical. Utilizing predictive analytics, organizations can identify early warning signs and intervene promptly.
  • Ongoing assessment—Continuous mental health monitoring allows care to be adjusted and personalized as needs evolve.
  • Proactive outreach—At-risk individuals often don’t seek help on their own. Through population engagement tactics, such as targeted emails, app notifications and direct outreach by care managers trained in suicide prevention, organizations can ensure timely support reaches those in need.
  • 24/7 supportive care—Round-the clock access to support is vital for effective suicide prevention. On-demand resources like digital tools for mental health and wellbeing, educational materials, safety plans, hotlines, crisis text lines and direct connections to mental health professionals provide individuals with the help they need, whenever they need it.
  • Specialized care management—Licensed clinicians trained in mental health services and evidence-based practices have the expertise to deliver essential support to at-risk individuals, including designing individualized care plans to enhance protective factors, such as building social support networks and improving problem-solving skills and using ongoing remote monitoring to adjust and personalize interventions as needs evolve.
  • Sub-specialty networks—Access to clinicians specializing in mental health conditions ensures at-risk individuals receive the focused care they need. Also, subspecialty medical clinics and primary care providers should screen for mental health conditions. Some physical health conditions (e.g., traumatic brain injury and cancer), can carry a risk of suicide.
  • Outcomes and data-driven approach—Using data to measure the effectiveness of suicide prevention programs allows organizations to continuously refine their strategies, ensure efficient use of resources and better target interventions.

Integrating data-driven targeted suicide prevention and risk management strategies can significantly enhance the effectiveness of EAP programs and behavioral health benefits provided by private and public insurers. Early detection of warning signs and timely interventions can reduce the risk of suicide, save lives and foster a healthier, more resilient society.

Learn how Magellan Healthcare’s data-driven approach is helping organizations safeguard lives here.

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The Lyrics of Our Emotions

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Exploring Music in Non-Medical Counseling Sessions

 

Music has a long history within the military as a method of addressing morale. The consistently positive response to music has led to research seeking to determine if it can be used in a therapeutic approach for Service members. (Gooding & Langston, 2019) Although music exploration is often associated with soothing melodies and uplifting lyrics, it also provides a valuable opportunity to explore and address negative emotions through music. This is because the exploration of negative emotions via music helps normalize and transform them into something healthier. Service members often train themselves to compartmentalize negative emotions in intense situations and can sometimes have difficulty engaging with emotions. This can lead to a sense of emotional blunting where the individual is aware that they have emotional discomfort but are unable to express the depth of their emotion or engage it in a way that allows effective processing. Listening to music is an activity that can assist individuals with emotional expression and establish coping skills. From creative expressions to the increasing availability of “rage rooms,” we are seeing an increase in techniques that utilize external expression, not just internal dialogue. Here are a few reasons why you may want to incorporate music in your next non-medical counseling session.

Music Can Facilitate Emotional Expression

An “emotion” playlist can be an example of this outward expression. Encouraging an individual to develop a list of songs they associate with certain feelings can assist in creating a safe space for them to experience said emotions. Studies have shown a correlation between music and brain activation in regions associated with emotion, reward, and cognitive processes (Fuentes-Sanchez, 2021). By utilizing a format that is designed to evoke specific emotions, we can provide clients with a way to feel more comfortable in emotional engagement. This method can be effective in situations where the individual states difficulty describing their emotions, feels that they have difficulty feeling emotions to the same extent as others, or describes an emotional numbness that feels inappropriate to them. By providing a structure or atmosphere where a specific emotion is being portrayed, it gives an experiential example that can limit some of the risks that accompany vulnerability.

Music Encourages Introspection

Listening to music in a safe space allows people to, in effect, practice their emotions. A recent study with the U.S. military utilizing a phased music exploration included lyric analysis as a prompt for introspection of life circumstances. Participant comments included “moving forward emotionally,” “I found something in me that was lost.” (Vetro-Kalseth,2021, p.449) While this study included a focus on songwriting, it does provide an illustration of how we connect emotionally with music. Hartman and Conklin (2009) state that songs can be “a medium where feelings, emotions, values, dreams, fears, and hopes are expressed” and can assist those who are unable to express “eloquently and succinctly to discover and express something about their true self through the use of that music’s lyrics” (p.50).

Music Opens Lines of Communication

Music can facilitate communication by allowing individuals to process their feelings, become comfortable with emotional expression, and learn to recognize their own emotions more clearly. Writing lyrics is a unique expression of emotion that allows the Service member to creatively capture thoughts or feelings, which can be cathartic.

Additional benefits of incorporating music into a non-medical counseling session include being able to limit the time of a playlist, being able to arrange an appropriately supportive environment, and being able to have more say in when those emotions can be addressed safely. This can help prevent emotional overflow in situations that would be damaging or dangerous to the client. Music exploration is not a solution for everyone, but it’s a great alternative to try for Service members and military families.

References

Gooding, Lori F.; Langston, Diane G.; Journal of Music Therapy, Vol 56(4), Win 2019 pp. 315-347. Publisher: Oxford University Press; [Journal Article]; DOI: 10.1093/jmt/thz010, Database: APA PsycInfo

Fuentes‐Sánchez, Nieves; Pastor, Raúl; Escrig, Miguel A.; Elipe‐Miravet, Marcel; Pastor, M. Carmen. Psychophysiology. Sep2021, Vol. 58 Issue 9, p1-17. DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13884. , Database: SPORTDiscus with Full Text

Hartman, Nathan S.; Conklin, Thomas A. Organization Management Journal (Palgrave Macmillan Ltd.). Spring2009, Vol. 6 Issue 1, p48-57. 10p. 2 Diagrams, 3 Charts. DOI: 10.1057/omj.2009.7. , Database: Business Source Ultimate

Vetro-Kalseth, Danielle; Vaudreuil, Rebecca; Segall, Lorna E. Military Psychology. Nov/Dec 2021, Vol. 33 Issue 6, p446-452. 7p. DOI: 10.1080/08995605.2021.1962194. , Database: Military & Government Collection



Overcome thoughts of suicide and take care of your mental health

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September is Suicide Prevention Awareness Month. Sometimes, suicide may seem like the only way to escape the pain of situations such as a breakup, job loss, social exclusion, bullying or other trauma. This type of distress can be a dangerous trap. It’s vital to take immediate steps to move yourself away from feelings of hopelessness. What can you do?

Spot the triggers. Recognize worsening distress in the form of self-blame, poor self-esteem, rejection, loss of interest in activities or feeling trapped and hopeless.

Remove lethal items. Rid your home of items you could use for self-harm, like guns, knives, razors or expired, discontinued and non-essential medicines.

Get help right away. Acting quickly can make all the difference. Call or text 988 for the Suicide & Crisis Lifeline. A trained counselor will help you talk through what you’re feeling, and together you’ll develop a safety plan.

Consult with a professional. Mental health professionals can help you with concerns like depression, anxiety and suicidal thoughts.

Reach out. Talk with a close friend, loved one or spiritual advisor. If you feel you’re in a crisis, dial 911.

Recognize feelings are temporary. Your dark feelings aren’t permanent. With responsive care, you can and will feel better.

For more on suicide prevention, visit our website for September Suicide Prevention Awareness Month, MagellanHealthcare.com/Prevent-Suicide, and be sure to check out the suicide prevention tip sheets and awareness campaign toolkit.

SOURCES: Mayo Clinic and Mental Health America



When someone you know has overdosed

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Drug overdose not only affects those who have died—it also affects family members and loved ones left behind.

Around 42% of U.S. adults know someone who has died from a drug overdose. Overdose-related deaths are often sudden and cause extreme grief for the deceased’s family and friends.

Individuals struggling with drug misuse are more likely to keep their habit and whereabouts a secret from family and friends. Those left behind are often unaware their loved one was using drugs or had challenges with addiction. This can lead to feelings of distress and guilt for not noticing signs or intervening to prevent the person’s death.

How to cope with loss after someone overdoses

Death caused by an overdose, whether the person meant to or not, is a distressing situation that requires care, compassion and support for those left behind. Here are some helpful ways to cope with the trauma of losing someone to a drug overdose.

  • Think about getting therapy. Loss of a loved one to a drug overdose can have a lasting impact on you and your family. The effects may vary from person to person. Therapy can help everyone address and process emotions.
  • Check for and join in self-help activities. Practices, such as mindfulness meditation, journaling and exercise, can help with managing the stress and grief you may feel. These wellness practices are helpful tools for building emotional strength and personal development.
  • Practice self-compassion. Drug overdose is often perceived as being preventable, even though addiction and substance use disorders are recognized as mental illnesses. Remember to be patient and compassionate with yourself. The process of grieving and healing takes time.
  • Join support groups. Connecting with individuals who have experienced a similar situation may help you feel understood. You can support each other and share real-life stories that promote hopefulness and strength to get through this challenging time.
  • Find meaningful ways to honor your loved one’s memory. You can cherish and remember good times shared with your loved one by supporting a cause they were passionate about, going through photographs, remembering happier times, or keeping something of theirs close to you.

Allowing yourself time and space to process your emotions is essential for coping with grief. There may be times when you feel guilty for not recognizing your loved one’s struggles with drug misuse or being unable to help them. However, this tragedy is not your fault. While you can’t bring your loved one back, you can make a difference by being alert and noticing the signs of drug misuse and overdose in others, potentially saving another life.

Drug misuse warning signs

People who misuse drugs frequently try to hide their symptoms. Here are some warning signs:

Physical

  • Red/ bloodshot eyes or pupils larger or smaller than normal
  • Slurred speech and/or impaired coordination
  • Unusual odors from their body or clothes
  • Change in weight

Behavioral

  • Demonstrating conduct changes and mood swings (e.g., arguing, fighting or conflicts with authority)
  • Avoiding once-pleasurable activities
  • Appearing anxious or fearful for no reason
  • Struggling financially (e.g., unexplained need for and willingness to steal money)
  • Making changes in friends
  • Fluctuating sleep patterns or appetite
  • Behaving secretively
  • Neglecting home, work or school duties

What to do if you think someone has overdosed

  • Call 911 right away!
  • Check for overdose symptoms:
    • Unresponsive or appears lifeless
    • Absence of breathing or shallow/slow breaths
    • Gasping for air or snoring
    • Blue lips and fingertips
    • Clammy skin
  • Turn the person over to their side to help avoid choking.
  • Check for any visible drugs or bottles that may have caused the overdose.
  • Stay with the person until emergency responders arrive.
  • Perform chest compressions if there’s no sign of breathing or pulse.

If you have a loved one using opioids, learn more about Naloxone, a medication that reverses opioid overdose. The National Institute on Drug Abuse has a drug facts page and the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Administration (SAMHSA) offers an Opioid Overdose Prevention Toolkit that can be downloaded.

Resources for bereaved families and loved ones

Mental health and substance misuse support:

– Phone: 1-800-662-HELP (4357)

– Website: samhsa.gov/find-help/national-helpline

Support for grieving individuals and families:

For more mental health resources, visit magellanhealthcare.com/about/bh-resources.

This article is for your information only. It is not meant to give medical advice. It should not be used to replace a visit with a provider. Magellan Health does not endorse other resources that may be mentioned here.

SOURCES:



Nurturing Children and Youth Social and Emotional Learning

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Activities for Educators and Parents

Children consistently learn and develop new and increasingly complex cognitive skills throughout early childhood. During this period, it is not practical to use a one-and-done approach to learning and skill building. Like an athlete or artist, when it comes to social and emotional learning, children need to practice and fine-tune these skills inside and outside of school to gain mastery. It is important to remember that some children understand a skill or concept quickly while others may need additional practice before gaining mastery of those same skills or concepts.

In her book Play Therapy Activities, Melissa LaVigne, LCSW, offers 101 social and emotional learning activities for children between the ages of three and nine. The activities provided below are examples from the book that can be used in individual or group sessions. They can also serve as great suggestions to educators to use within the classroom and for family members to use at home with children.

Worry Jar

This activity is used to address feelings of anxiety or uncertainty a child may have.

  • Materials needed: jar with lid, post-its, and a pen/pencil
  • Directions: When a child has a worry, concern, or anxious feeling, invite the child to write it down on a post-it and place it in the jar. Explain they do not need to share it, confirm that everyone worries at times, and also talk about other ways to manage the feelings of being worried. For younger kids who do not yet write or spell, offer to write down the worry for them if they want. Once written, hand the paper back to them so they can put it in the jar.

Felt Feeling Faces

An emotional intelligence activity, this helps children think about and understand how feelings present on someone’s face.

  • Materials needed: oval-shaped felt paper to represent faces, felt paper in an array of colors, and scissors (optional: glue stick to make permanent feeling faces)
  • Directions: Instruct children to cut out the shapes of eyes and mouths expressing emotions such as happy, sad, mad, etc. If needed, have children use a hand mirror to see the shapes their own faces make with different facial expressions. Once cut, have the children use the oval-shaped pieces of felt with the eyes and mouth to create “feeling faces”. Have the children guess what feeling each face is making and discuss what they can do when they see someone feeling that way. Note: Pre-cut out these shapes for children too young to safely use scissors.

Feelings Play List

This activity draws on the emotional connection of music to help children identify feelings or remember fond memories.

  • Materials needed: access to a music streaming device or an audio search device (e.g., Alexa)
  • Directions: Begin a group discussion by asking the children to name feelings they want to talk about. If possible, encourage a balance between positive and negative feelings. Ask the children if they can think of songs they like that match a feeling. If possible, listen to the song or look up the words in the song. Ask the children why the song matches a certain feeling for them. For an added activity, make a playlist of songs that match positive feelings such as happy or calm. The song names can be written down and shared so families can make their own playlists.

Bubble Tag

This breathing and impulse control activity can be modified to accommodate individual or group work.

  • Materials needed: bubble wand and bubble solution
  • Directions: Introduce this activity by explaining how breath control can be used to create a sense of calm and discus how deep and steady breathing makes good bubbles. Use a bubble wand to take turns blowing bubbles while the child tries to pop the bubbles before they hit the ground. For group sessions, have one member blow the bubble while another pops it, or consider splitting the group into teams. During the bubble-blowing exercise, ask the child (or group) to think about what will make more or bigger bubbles and ask them to experiment with their breath to find out. Use positive praise when the child uses good breath control, model breath control if needed, and talk about how breathing can help manage feelings.

Enjoying the Classics

Games like red light green light, freeze dance, musical chairs, and duck-duck-goose provide children an opportunity to connect their mind to their body by listening and then acting on what they heard. This can help with building better self-regulation skills as well as their overall emotional intelligence.

References: LaVigne, M. (2020). Play therapy activities: 101 Play-Based exercises to improve behavior and strengthen the Parent-Child connection. Rockridge Press.



New Teen on the Block: Resources to Help Military Youth Acclimate After a PCS

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“Being a teenager is easy,” said no one, ever. Pressure to fit in, taking risks, and learning how to navigate the world are all cornerstones of normal teenage life. On top of these pressures, military teens have the added stress of Permanent Change of Station (PCS) moves.

When a PCS occurs, teens often feel sad leaving their friends and anxious about finding a new social group. While this can be an overwhelming and difficult time, Military and Family Life Counselors (MFLCs) can help ease the transition into a new place by inviting teens to join lunch groups, connecting them to peers with similar interests, and sharing local events. In addition to MFLC support, there are resources available for teens and parents as they acclimate to their environment.

Youth Resources

  • On-post youth centers offer military youth a fun, safe place with activities for a variety of interests. At these centers, teens can connect with their peers and support staff.
  • Military teen adventure camps, Operation Purple, the Boys and Girls Club, the YMCA, and 4-H all offer age-appropriate opportunities for military kids to join a social group, learn new skills, and build confidence.
  • School programs such as Student 2 Student can help teens feel supported and connected when starting a new school.

 Parent Resources

  • Military OneSource provides information on the Interstate Compact and the Exceptional Family Members Program, which can be useful to parents when they register their children in school and have concerns about loss of credit hours or setting up 504 or Individualized Education Plan (IEP) plans.
  • The Military Child Educational Coalition offers resources for families such as a PCS checklist and a military student consultant.

A PCS move during the teen years can be life-changing for military-connected kids. However, with the help of MFLC support and the many resources available to them, it can also be a fun, exciting, and positive experience.

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